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Recently, application of microwave power transmission has been studied in various situations. Solar Power Satellite (SPS) is one of the largest applications in this research field. Ubiquitous power source is another application of microwave power transmission. Our laboratory has been studying the development and application of a microwave-driven agricultural electric vehicle. Power for this vehicle is supplied by microwave wirelessly from a remote transmitter. This system enables a battery-less electric vehicle without the necessity of charging. When considering of microwave power transmission in agriculture, the effects of microwave on crops must be examined carefully, because they are not fully understood. Various studies on the effects of short-time microwave exposure to plants were conducted. Chen et al. reported an increase in enzymes (amylase, transaminase, and proteinase) activity and biophoton emission in I. Indigotica cotyledon after exposure to 2.45 GHz, 1.26 mW/mm microwave for 8 s (Chen et al., 2005). Diminution of chlorophyll A and B, and Carotenes after exposure of 10.75 GHz, 1 mW/cm microwave for 1, 2, 4, and 12 h on 14 d old Maize (Zea mays L.) was also reported (Ursache et al., 2009). Roux et al. reported rapid molecular response, such as changes in the abundance of stress-related transcripts, calmodulin-N6, chloroplast mRNA-binding protein (cmbp), and proteinase inhibitor (pin2) in tomato plants caused by 900 MHz, 40 V/m and 5 V/m microwave exposure for 10 min (Roux et al., 2006). They also reported that low electric field intensity (5 V/m), short duration (10 min) of 900 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) evoked the accumulation of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) mRNA (Vian et al., 2006). These studies indicated the effects of microwave on biochemical reactions in plant body. As a related study of SPS, Skiles conducted a longterm 2.45 GHz microwave exposure experiment (7 weeks) on alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L.). The microwave power flux density was weak (0.5 1.2 mW/cm ) and no significant differences in chlorophyll content by SPAD measurement, fresh weight, and dry weight were observed (Skiles, 2006). Using the same 2.45 GHz frequency, Jonas exposed relatively high power (600 W) pulsed microwave with 16 and 60 Hz pulses for a short time to Momosa pudica L. and obtained a change in circadian response by measuring of petiolar folding and recovery (Jonas, 1979). Ca , K , and

Growth of Spinacia oleracea under Long-Term Microwave Exposure ^|^mdash;Survey of 1, 3, and 5 Weeks Growth in Growth Chamber^|^mdash;