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ore than two-thirds of the estimated World population of goats (391 million) are found in the tropics and sub-tropics (FAO, 1973). The most important Centres for good-keeping are in Africa where in certain countries (Niger, Mauritania and Somalia) more than one goat is kept per person (FAO, 1973). There are 224 million goats in Nigeria and this is exceeded only by India with a goat population of 69.2 million (FAO, 1973). Moreover, the FAO (1966) found that goats provided over 25% of total lean meat consumed in Nigeria between 1963 and 1964. Many forest tree species provide fodder for livestock production, especially during the dry season when livestock feed becomes scarce and is of poor nutritional quality. Thus, availability of tree fodder enhances the productivity of livestock as well as of wild game. Since these animals contribute to human food supply, forest tree species contribute indirectly through them to human nutrition. Apart from the destruction of farms by livestock, herdsmen lop branches of trees conserved on farmland to provide fodder for their livestock. As fodder resources dwindle, wild game migrate to other areas where they can have access to sources of food supply. Consequently deforestation results in shortage of fodder supply and is detrimental to sustainable livestock and wildlife management (Otegbeye and Onyeanusi, 2006). The grazing pressure has been increasing with the increase in human and livestock populations. Consequently, uncontrolled heavy grazing is causing great damage to soil and vegetation due to compaction and trampling. This create gaps in the forest and retrogression in certain localities. Local people use trees, shrubs, and herbs as fodder for their livestock. Primarily, the members of the family Poaceae are used as fodder in both fresh and dry forms throughout the year (Abbasi et al., 2012).

tropical journal of applied natural sciences

Major Sources of Plant Fodder Species of South East Nigeria, Associated Livestock, Percentage Preferences, a Few Physiognomic Attributes and Potential New Sources