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G. latifolium, is believed to have its origin in Southern Nigeria where its use as both medicinal material and food ingredient pre-dates historical records. It is widespread in tropical rainforest of West African countries such as Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Ghana and Senegal. Known as “utazi” in Igbo, and “orokeke” in Yoruba, G. latifolium (Asclepiadeceae) has been used in Nigerian herbal practice to treat diabetes mellitus and malaria infections. G. latifolium is T ABSTRACT The effects of administration of aqueous extracts of G. latifolium leaves and Piper guineense seeds on liver and kidney biomarkers of albino rats were studied, and the following parameters were assayed: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), albumin (ALB), electrolytes (Na, K, Cl and HCO3), urea and creatinine. 30 animals were divided into 6 groups: Group 1 was control, and 2 – 6 were test groups. Only groups 2, 3 and 6 showed significant increase in ALP activity. Moreover, only group 4 showed significant change (decrease) in AST activity. There was a significant decrease in albumin in group 2; whereas serum Na concentration decreased significantly in group 2, same as Cl. Urea concentration increased in groups 5 and 6, whereas HCO3 showed no significant change. Groups 2-4 significantly decreased in creatinine concentration. Thus, aqueous extracts of the samples are safe to the health/functions of the liver of the animals; while they negatively affected the kidneys. The aqueous extract of G. latifolium resulted in negative electrolyte balance, and thus of negative effect to the kidneys. Moreover, a combination of the samples at various concentrations resulted in negative urea clearance, and therefore deleterious to kidney health/functions. The observed significant changes with respect to kidney biomarkers are pointers that aqueous extracts of the samples are of adverse effects to the health and functions of the kidneys of albino rats. This therefore calls for caution in the administration of the samples in traditional medicine preparations, especially when administered in combination. Original Research Article

Effects of aqueous extracts of Gongronema latifolium leaves and Piper guineense seeds on liver and kidney biomarkers of albino rats