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In the first place the technological fundamentals of direct liquefaction was briefly explained in comparison with pyrolysis. Then the results of direct liquefaction of sewage sludge using a continuous plant were shown and discussed.The continuous plant, which is capable of processing up to 0.5 t/day of dewatered sludge, was constructed and operated successfully. The yields of heavy oils, which have heating value of 33 MJ/kg, were 40-50% maf at operating conditions of temperatures of 270-300°C, pressures of 6-10 MPa without any addition of catalyst. From the energy balance, this process was evaluated as a net energy producer. At the same time, research was done of biological treatment of wastewater separated from liquefaction mixtures. As a result, the wastewater could be accepted by the aeration tank of sewage treatment system without any inhibition.This work has been carried out under the management of Aqua Renaissance Research Association as a part of MITI's large-scale R & D project “New Wastewater Treatment System” sponsored by NEDO.

Thermochemical conversion of sewage sludge into heavy oil.