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The surface characteristics of felt which change under compression determine the aggregate structure of paper fibers, the surface condition of paper, and the light reflections from paper. Few studies, however, have been made about surface properties of felt. In this paper, we report the results of the study of the influence of compression on the surface condition of the felt. The investigation has been carried out using an apparatus which we have developed. We propose a new method of analysis of the contact surface of felt. Five different sample felts are made from four different denier nylon fibers and one modified nylon fiber.The analysis were carried out for contact images which are characterized by such variable as maximum length, contour length, shape factors, nominal diameter, area, numbers, and smoothness of contact spots.For the four sample felts made from regular nylons, the shape of fibers grew flat and became rugged as press cycles proceeded ; the line of contact of a fiber with a flat plane became shorter and fragmented. For modified nylon, though the shape of fibers also grew flat and rugged, the contact lines with a plane were not fragmented because of its elasticity.From the distribution of angles between the directions of surface felt fibers and wefts of felt, we found that the fibers don't have randomly oriented structures and tend to stay away from the warp and the weft direction.By using the Morishita's Index Iδ and Clark Evans Index R, we also conclude the distribution of contact spots to lie regular distribution. Furthermore concurrence probabilities and power spectrum show that contact spots occurred periodically.From the above results, it is clear that the apparatus we have developed is capable of measuring the contact behavior and our method of analysis for the contact features of felt is variable.

Measuring and estimation of contact behaviour of felts.