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In recent years, the recycle utilization of resources has been of great importance as an effective measure for the solution of energy, resources and environmental pollution problems. Within this context, the recovery and utilization of waste paper have tended to increase in many countries.The aim of this paper is to make clear the prospects and policies for waste paper recycling and utilization in Japan. For this purpose, a dynamic model of the national level is first developed. In this model, all the processes relevant to the production, distribution and consumption of paper and board, and the generation, recovery and disposal of waste paper are decomposed to four subsystems such as manufacturer, wholesaler, consumer and recovery sectors.The material flows in the whole system are characterized by the state variables which express the inlet and outlet flow rates of paper and waste paper to and from these subsystems, and the state variables which express the inventories of paper and waste paper at each subsystem. By adding many controlling and influencing factors to the basic material flow model as information flows, the whole dynamic model structure is developed.The parameters included in the model are estimated from the real data, and the confidence of the model is confirmed by comparing the calculated values from the model with the real data for 10 years. Then, the model is utilized for estimating the change of state variables whose real data are not available.

Process System Approaches for Resources Recycling in Pulp and Paper Industries