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After the Anti-Japanese War broke out, the strategic position of Sichuan Province was established. In order to consolidate the rear area, to train a large number of medical personnel and strive for victory, the national government began to pay attention to the medical and health undertakings of Sichuan province. During wartime, there were acute shortages in medical supplies. Medical equipment and medicines donated by American Red Cross were important resources for the war of resistance, and played an important role in the rescue of sick and wounded. Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau had the power to allocate these medical resources. In Chengdu, about 100 units submitted applications for medical assistance. When distributing medical devices and medicines, the Health Bureau not only paid attention to their actual needs, but also considered the actual storage situation. Though overall planning, Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau provided all units in Chengdu with different medical and health recourses, and helped them to prevent diseases and cure patients. Introduction Medical and health undertakings are concerned with national economy and people's livelihood, and should be taken seriously. In the vast interior area of the western part of China, medical issue had been neglected for a long time. In November 1937, the capital was officially moved to Chongqing; the strategic position of Sichuan province was established. In order to strengthen the protection efforts and cultivate healthy citizens, it was imperative to develop medical and health undertakings in Sichuan province. In the context of the war of resistance, Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau was set up to build and manage the medical and health industry of Sichuan. Chengdu, as the capital of Sichuan Province, was the representative of Chengdu's medical and health construction at that time. Establishment of Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau and Medical Resource Allocation Principles In May 17, 1939, Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau was established in the city of Chengdu. It belonged to the Civil Affairs Department. An expert on public health, Zhi-qian Chen, was appointed as the director. There were four departments in the Health Bureau, namely administration office, technical office, general affairs department and secretary. The position of Health Bureau was decided by the location of Chengdu. Chengdu, as the capital of Sichuan, took the lead of the whole province. Moreover, Chengdu was under the supervision of Chairman Jiang; it was also a city which attracts tourists all over the world. With the support and input from the central government, health undertakings in Sichuan province were carried out smoothly. The Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau drawn up detailed work plans since its establishment. Apart from government's funding and financial assistance, as well as the overall planning and personnel dispatch, medical resources were most important for the Health Bureau. The health undertakings in Sichuan province were established and developed under a special background; they had neither firm foundation nor enough medicinal 24 2017 International Conference on Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities (SSAH 2017) Copyright © (2017) Francis Academic Press , UK materials. Therefore, the assistance from allies was crucial. The American Red Cross continued to supply medical instruments to Sichuan during and after the war. But during the war of resistance, the allocation of sources was blocked by traffic difficulties. Thus, authorities intended to build a medical materials plant which could provide medical materials continuously. The medical materials factory was the place where all medical resources were kept, including medical materials supplied by American Red Cross and resources produced at home. For medicines and instruments donated by American Red Cross, the Health Bureau had clear principles on their storage and distribution. The distribution principle was equal allocation, but for counties which did not have convenient traffic conditions and insufficient purchase sources, and areas which were often attacked by air raid, more resources were provided. Donated medicines could not be charged or resold. They must be used in free diagnosis and treat, and the medical objects must be refugees, injured people, survivors from attacks, family members of soldiers, and people who become poor because of war or disasters. These principles ensured the nature of public benefit of American Red Cross, which distinguish it from other medical rescue institutions. For the storage of drugs and medicinal instruments, the emphasis was placed on their memorial and identification functions. All containers labels, restricted bags, beds and sheets were marked with "donations from American Red Cross". Each unit which received donated instruments should promptly report the distribution list and usage of these resources to the Health Bureau for follow-up checks. Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau's Allocation of Medical Resources Donated by American Red Cross Since the Sino Japanese war broke out, American Red Cross began to provide free medical resources. Firstly, American Red Cross sent all these resources to the Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau, and deposited them into the medical materials factory, a health service organization subordinate to Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau. When applications for drugs and equipments were put forward by different units, the Materials Distribution Committee would hold a meeting to discuss these applications and decide how to distribute medical materials. Later, applicant units could go to the medical materials factory and get resources through the notes issued by the Health Bureau. In accordance with related requirements, they should record the number of patients and the treatment effects of these materials, and submit the feedback lists to the Health Bureau. For different units, the medication and treatment applications are different. Since the wars of resistance, 95 public and private units were established in Chengdu, including 22 health service units and 73 other kinds of units. Their applications can be divided into two types. 1. All medical resources mentioned in the application were granted by the Health Bureau. 2. Some medical resources mentioned in the application were granted by the Health Bureau. Some materials are distributed in fewer quantities, while the requirements of some resources are rejected "for there was no inventory on these drugs or medical devices". From the perspective of application for drugs, it can be found that medical institutions mainly applied for more equipments and relatively diversified drugs; non medical institutions often applied for commonly used medicine, such as cold cure and ant malarial agents, their applications were in small numbers and single variety. Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau allocated 10 units as Sichuan provincial health service units. These units were highly valued by the Health Bureau, and became the focus of medical development in Sichuan Province. They took advantages in medical materials distribution. The Health Bureau approved all their applications. The First, Second and Third Nursery of Chengdu were provincial health service organizations, shouldering the responsibilities of maternal and child health care, birth statistics and the delivery of babies. They applied for drugs and medical devices to Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau all the year round. Since the war of resistance against Japan, hospitals received more and more sick and wounded citizens and soldiers; their demands for drugs increased. In January 1944, three nurseries of Chengdu applied for 5 pounds, 20 pounds and 6 pounds of cotton to Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau respectively. The Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau met the requirements of three nurseries, and allocated 6 pounds of cotton for each nursery. In January 1947, The First

National Salvation through Medicine: Sichuan Provincial Health Bureau and the Allocation of Medical Resources Donated by American Red Cross-A Case Study of Chengdu during Anti-Japanese War