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Autonomy-dependence alignment (ADA) model can analyze the valence relation among the composites of language. The alignment of autonomy and dependence is achieved by elaboration site and profile determinacy. Autonomy and dependence are aligned as composite structure. The ADA model, which is applied in the analysis of English spatial preposition, is plausible and of explanatory power. 1. English Spatial Preposition The study of English spatial preposition focuses on cognitive analysis, its acquisition and its contrast with Chinese. 1.1 Cognitive Analysis of English Spatial Preposition. Cognitive study of English spatial preposition is often analyzed from categorization theory, schema theory and prototype theory. The study includes the meaning, acquisition and metaphor of English spatial preposition. According to categorization theory, English spatial preposition is studied in different dimensional space to set its typicality and marginality. The core part of category is profile, and the demarcation line is not always clear (Dirven& Verspoor, 1998). The marginal part of the category is atypical and non-core and belongs to the gray area (Ma Shuhong, 2008). English spatial preposition is often used in metaphor to express emotion, time, quantity, and so on. “Up” expresses positive emotion, early in time, the increase in quantity, and “down” expresses negative emotion, late in time and the decrease in quantity, and so on. For example, It is important to speed up the “launch” of Commonwealth human rights protection mechanisms. Eyewitnesses said it was going down the (road) and just (went) right off the road into the trees. The origin of the word can be dated up to last century. I have a vase handed down from my great-grandmother. 1.2 The Acquisition of English Spatial Preposition. From categorization theory, Xu Qingli, Liu Zhenqian and Cai Jinting(2014) studies the impact of landmark categorization to Chinese learners by analyzing an English spatial preposition in, which is also influenced by cognitive factor and English level of the learners. The author made a comparison of construing spatial preposition between English and Chinese, and found that different landmark causes different construal and different learning effects. The conclusion is that similarity has positive transfer and difference has negative transfer, which enlightens the teaching and learning of English spatial preposition. From spatial categorization, Ma Shuhong studied the typical factor, the spatial concept of mother tongue, the difference of semantic classification and language structure between English and Chinese, and their impact on the learning of English spatial preposition. The author made a list analysis of the differences between English and Chinese spatial prepositions and selects the research subjects to carry out the experiment. Finally, it is concluded that the Chinese learners should master the spatial cognitive rules of English when they learn English spatial prepositions, and also overcome the influence and interference of the spatial concept rules of their own Chinese. In this process, positive transfer and negative transfer will affect. 2018 4th International Conference on Education, Management and Information Technology (ICEMIT 2018) Copyright © (2018) Francis Academic Press, UK 26 1.3 The Contrast of Spatial Preposition between English and Chinese. The cognitive construal and acquisition of English spatial prepositions are related to contrastive studies in English and Chinese. Scholars made contrastive analysis of English and Chinese spatial prepositions from the perspective of cognitive schema, cognitive domain, categorization and prototype theory, and help the learners to recognize the differences in spatial cognition between English and Chinese. The conclusion is that the cognitive schema is different in English and Chinese, and the effect of the acquisition is different. The more the cognitive schema differences between English and Chinese, the worse the effect of the acquisition. The above studies analyze English and Chinese spatial prepositions from different aspects. This paper studies it from the perspective of cognitive grammar, mainly autonomy-dependence alignment (ADA) model. 2. Autonomy-dependence Alignment (ADA) Model 2.1 Autonomy-dependence Relationship. Autonomy and dependence are a pair of categories in philosophy, and they are asymmetrical relations between two things. Autonomous components are relatively independent and can exist independently, while dependent components are relatively dependent and rely on the autonomous components that are compatible with them. Autonomy-dependence relation is not absolute, but a degree problem, which can be interchangeable under certain circumstances. Autonomous components are usually entity nouns, have directivity, and do not need to be attached to other components. Dependent components usually refer to prepositions, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, etc. The spatial prepositions need to be attached to an entity noun to express meaning. For example, in the phrase on the book, on, a spatial preposition, means above... But it needs to work with the entity noun. Without the book, on loses its support. Cognitive grammar defines autonomy-dependence relationship as follows: structure D is dependent on structure A, if A is an explanation of a substructure highlighted in D. In other words, the meaning of D is dependent on the autonomous component A. For example, in the phrase on the desk, the substructure of [ON] corresponding to [THE-DESK] profile is the main landmark of [ON], and it is included in the profile of [ON], so the salience is very high. The meaning of on presupposes the existence of the desk, and the relationship between the desk and on is an autonomy-dependence relationship. Niu Baoyi (2008) believes that the elaboration of semantic salience of the autonomous components to the substructure of the dependent components is actually a concrete example of the former. The autonomy-dependence relationship between on and the desk can be considered as a categorization relationship, and the substructure of the desk (the entity consisting of table legs and table surfaces) is categorized as the subcategory of the substructure of on. According to Langacker, autonomy-dependence relationship is relative. If X and Y are autonomy-dependence relationship, Dx→y indicates that X depends on Y, dependence is only a degree problem, that is, to some extent, it may also be Dy→x, indicating that Y is also dependent on X. So that the comparison between Dx→y and Dy→x is important. If Dx→y is larger than Dy→x, then X is identified as dependent structures, and Y as autonomous components, vice versa. For the phrase on the desk, if on is the dependent component, then its substructure landmark is prominent. With landmark, which can be explained in detail by the autonomous component the desk, on can be elaborated better. If in turn, the desk is regarded as the dependent component and is dependent on on, the substructure landmark highlighted by on is abstract, and can not explain the entity of the desk accurately. It can be seen that in this case, the dependency degree of the desk on on is weaker than the dependency degree of on on the desk, so we usually regard the desk as autonomous component and regard on as dependent component. 2.2 Autonomy-dependence Alignment (ADA) Model. The ADA model is the framework of the valence relationship in the analysis language proposed by Langacker, which can clearly indicate the elaboration and correspondence between the substructures

Analysis of English Spatial Preposition by Autonomy-dependence Alignment Model