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In the 1930s the Bolivian and Mexican governments decreed the nationalization of their respective oil industries, thus starting a juncture of tensions in their relationship with the United States government and companies. In both cases foreign companies quit the respective host countries, but Bolivia was less successful than Mexico in maintaining its initial stand in face of the external pressure. Following a most-similar-system design strategy to compare both cases of asymmetrical confrontation, which share a similar set of conditions regarding simultaneity, starting causes of the conflict, actors involved and international context, we contend that the difference in the confrontation’s resolution is mainly attributable to differing domestic variables. Controlling for the similarity in external conditions, we show that the building and maintenance of a strong internal support coalition was critical for the capacity of the weakest part to advance its interest in an asymmetrical atmosphere. Resumen En la decada de 1930, la nacionalizacion del petroleo en Bolivia y Mexico provoco fuertes tensiones en las respectivas relaciones bilaterales con el gobierno de Estados Unidos y las companias afectadas, las cuales terminaron por cesar sus operaciones en dichos paises. Sin embargo, los bolivianos fueron menos exitosos que los mexicanos en mantener su posicion inicial frente a las presiones externas. En este estudio argumentamos que tal diferencia en la resolucion del conflicto puede ser atribuia, en buena medida, a diferencias en variables domesticas entre los dos casos. Para sustentarlo, adoptamos un diseno de investigacion basado en la seleccion de dos casos de confrontacion asimetrica que son semejantes en un conjunto relevante de condiciones, como la simultaneidad temporal, causas iniciales de la disputa, actores involucrados y el contexto internacional. Al controlar dichas variables por su semejanza en ambos casos, mostramos que la formacion y el mantenimiento de una fuerte coalicion interna fue un factor critico para aumentar la capacidad de la parte mas debil de promover sus intereses en un ambiente asimetrico.

The Oil Nationalizations in Bolivia (1937) and Mexico (1938): A Comparative Study of Asymmetric Confrontations with the United States