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Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) with excess sludge reduction were evaluated in an attached growth treatment system consisting of a down-flow anaerobic fermentation (AF) reactor and an aerobic swim-bed (SB) reactor operated as an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process. The two reactors were packed with biomass carriers consisting of different configurations of the same acrylic-fiber material: a net-type carrier biofill® (BL) in the AF reactor and a multi-directional thread-type carrier biofringe® (BF) in the SB reactor. The system was operated continuously under various organic loading rates (OLRs) from 1.5 to 4.5 kg COD m3 d1 and nitrogen loading rates (NLRs) from 0.1 to 0.3 kg N m3 d1 using moderately high-strength synthetic wastewater. The AF reactor, located upstream of the SB reactor, provided hydrolysis, fermentation and anaerobic ammonification. During 184 days of operation, stable total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies ranging from 85% to 97% were obtained primarily due to SND in the SB reactor when the OLR was higher than 2.7 kg COD m3 d1. In addition, observed sludge yields for the whole system ranged from 0.13 to 0.17 kg MLSS kg1 CODremoved; furthermore, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) were maintained at about 10,000 mg l1 in the SB reactor. Exceptionally high COD and TN removal rates of 5.9 kg COD m3 d1 and 0.43 kg N m3 d1, respectively, were observed in the SB reactor. These results demonstrated that excess sludge reduction and SND could be achieved concurrently by this combined AF-SB system.

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Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification with Excess Sludge Reduction in an Attached Growth System Combining Anaerobic Fermentation and Aerobic Swim-Bed Processes