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The use of a biomass carrier is preferred for the cultivation of slowly growing anammox sludge. In this study, PVA gel was selected as a biomass carrier for anammox sludge and applied in a fl uidized-bed reactor (FBR). A recycle pump was used to induce a fl ow rate of ‒ l/min to maintain fl uidized bed conditions. Both infl uent NH -N and NO -N concentrations were increased stepwise to mg N/l. With hydraulic retention times (HRTs) from h to h in phase , NH -N and NO -N removal effi ciencies were about % and %, respectively. With HRTs from h to h in phase , NH -N removal effi ciency was % and NO -N removal effi ciency was %. The removal rates of ammonium and total nitrogen in phase increased up to . and . kg N/m /d, respectively. Maximum removal rates of ammonium and total nitrogen in phase increased quickly up to . and . kg N/m /d, respectively. Ratios of T-N removal, NO -N removal, and NO -N production to NH -N removal during phase were . : . : . . These ratios during phase were . : . : . . The color of the PVA-gel beads changed from white to brownish red, which is consistant with anammox bacteria. By the Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) method, both KSUand KUanammox strains were detected with KSUin dominance in the FBR process.

Nitrogen Removal by Immobilized Anammox Sludge using PVA Gel as Biocarrier