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This study aimed to test the hypotheses that lipid drop density (dL), lipocrite (Li) and mean diameter (Dm), volume (V) and mass (MAC) of adipocytes provide reliable values of the number of adipocytes in vivo (NA), and that fasting alters NA. Mean diameter (μm) and lipocrite were respectively measured by microscopy and by the ratio between relative volume occupied by isolated adipocytes in a fixed volume suspension obtained from fixed sampled mass of retroperitoneal fat pad (MAT) from rats maintained under normal feeding (NF) or submitted to food deprivation (FD) for 24 h or 72 h. V(mL)=(πDm3/6), MAC(g)=dLxV, and NA were calculated by (i) (Li/V).1012 and (ii) MAT/MAC. Li was higher in FD-24h and FD-72h than in NF, while Dm was lower in FD-72h than in NF and FD-24h. NA, calculated by (i) and (ii), was higher in FD-72h than in NF and FD-24h. Increased Li in FD-72h should be due to hyperplasia, assuming that it does not occur through increased Dm (hypertrophy), since FD-72h had lower Dm than NF. Data suggested that in vivo adipogenesis occurs in retroperitoneal fat pad after 72 h of fasting as a homeostatic response to lipolysis and an adjustment to provide increased energy storage when there is new food supply.

Adipogenesis and reduction of lipid accumulation in retroperitoneal fat pad are stimulated by food deprivation.