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Saltwater intrusion is causing vegetation shifts across coastal wetland landscapes, with uncertain implications for ecosystem function. In tropical and subtropical environments saltwater intrusion drives shifts from freshwater and brackish marshes to woody mangrove vegetation. Coastal wetlands are among the most effective ecosystem carbon sinks, yet we lack a clear understanding of how saltwater intrusion into marsh communities and mangrove encroachment and development through time affect organic OC stocks and fluxes. We created a vegetation gradient across the marsh-mangrove ecotone, including low salinity “brackish” marshes (Spartina Bakeri and Cladium jamaicense), higher salinity “saltmarsh” (Juncus romerianus and Distichlis spicata) and a chronosequence of five age classes from mangroves established < 10 to 75-88 years ago. Above and belowground biomass was similar between marsh types, but mangrove establishment increased aboveground biomass 10x after less than 10 years and increased aboveground biomass 30x and belowground biomass 2x in mangroves established > 20 years ago, but no difference in biomass in mangroves >20 > 88 years since

Saltwater Intrusion and Vegetation Shifts Drive Changes in Carbon Storage in Coastal Wetlands