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espanolUn analisis cronologico de las peregrinaciones cristianas a lo largo de 2,000 anos de existencia sugiere que ha habido cambios en su nivel de popularidad: fuerte, siempre que las clases dominantes (ya sean religiosas o civiles) protegen los santuarios populares, y debil, cada vez que las politicas restringen la practica de las peregrinaciones. Este trabajo comienza con la caracterizacion de dos regimenes autoritarios, uno fascista en un pais de Europa occidental, Portugal (1928‑1974), y uno comunista, en un pais del centro de Europa, Eslovaquia (1948‑1989), en ese momento parte de Checoslovaquia. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue explorar el status quo durante el periodo de gobierno de los dos regimenes autoritarios, analizar el enfoque adoptado por cada regimen con respecto a las manifestaciones religiosas y como, con la eventual transicion a la democracia, sirvio para determinar la dinamica que encierra el santuario de peregrinacion de cada pais, Fatima (Portugal) y Levoca (Eslovaquia) respectivamente. Los resultados de la investigacion muestran que en Portugal no hubo interrupcion en la creciente popularidad y desarrollo de Fatima, desde los regimenes autoritarios hasta los democraticos. Mientras tanto, en Eslovaquia solo despues de la reinstauracion de la democracia, se permitio a las personas manifestar libremente sus creencias religiosas, lo que condujo a un renacimiento de las peregrinaciones y visitas a Levoca. Los resultados proporcionan una comprension del papel del estado bajo regimenes autoritarios y las politicas implementadas que impulsaron la importancia y el potencial de los dos santuarios como destinos turisticos religiosos. EnglishA chronological analysis of Christian pilgrimages over the course of around 2,000 years of existence suggests that there have been swings in their level of popularity: strong whenever the ruling classes (whether religious or civil) protect popular sanctuaries and declining whenever policies constraint the practice of pilgrimages. This paper starts with the characterization of two authoritarian regimes, a fascist one in a western European country, Portugal (1928‑1974), and a communist one in a central European country, Slovakia (1948‑1989), at that time part of Czechoslovakia. The aim of this research was to explore the status quo during the period of government by the two authoritarian regimes, analyse the approach taken by each regime in regards to religious manifestations and how, with the eventual transition to democracy, it served to determine the dynamics surrounding each country´s main pilgrimage shrine, respectively Fatima (Portugal) and Levoca (Slovakia). The research findings show that in Portugal there was no interruption on the increasing popularity and development of Fatima, from the authoritarian to democratic regimes. Meanwhile, in Slovakia only after democracy was reinstated, was it allowed for people to manifest freely their religious beliefs that led to a revival of pilgrimages and visits to Levoca. The findings provide an understanding of the role of the state under authoritarian regimes and the policies implemented that prompted the importance and potential of the two shrines as religious tourism destinations.

From church perseverance in authoritarian states to today´s religious inspired tourism