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espanolAntes de las primeras regulaciones de la profesion de guia de turismo en Europa, finales del siglo XIX, los turistas del Romanticismo fueron atraidos por paises como Italia, Espana, Turquia y Egipto (contemplacion de la antiguedad, orientalismo y exotismo), alimentados por la literatura de viaje y por la mejora de las infraestructuras (la llegada del tren). Como resultado del gran incremento de turistas en estos paises, se pretende analizar a los diferentes grupos de interpretes del patrimonio cultural, nuestro caso de estudio, quienes fueron los antecesores de los actuales guias de turismo. La investigacion se ha desarrollado a traves de una revision critica de la literatura de viaje, el estudio de los conceptos que definen y se refieren a los interpretes populares conjuntamente a la seleccion de algunas fuentes que testimonian su existencia. El objetivo final pretende demostrar que ciertamente los interpretes populares fueron una especia de mediadores entre el ambiente, el territorio, la cultura local, las tradiciones y los turistas. Su labor era por tanto fundamental para la interpretacion in situ del patrimonio material e inmaterial, ambiental y cultural de un determinado lugar. Ademas, revisaremos dos importantes figuras de interpretes culturales populares, Chorro e Jumo y Cornelio. EnglishBefore the first regulations of the profession of tourist guide in Europe in the late nineteenth century, the tourists of Romanticism were attracted by countries like Italy, Spain, Turkey and Egypt (contemplation of antiquity, orientalism and exoticism), fuelled by travel literature and thanks to improvements in infrastructures (the arrival of the train). As a result of the large increase in tourists in these countries, we intend to analyze the different groups of interpreters of cultural heritage, our object of study, who were the predecessors of today’s tourist guides. The research has been developed through a critical review of travel literature, studying concepts that define and refer to popular interpreters in conjunction with the selection of some sources that provde their existence. The ultimate aim is to show that popular interpreters were indeed a kind of mediator between the envioronment, territory, local culture, traditions and tourists. Their work was fundamental for the “in situ” interpretation of material and immaterial heritage. In addition, we will review two important and popular cultural interpreters, Chorro e Jumo and Cornelio

Intérpretes culturales del siglo XIX: los “guías de turismo” no reconocidos