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espanolAglomerar para innovar parece ser la principal palanca que utilizan los estados para mejorar la competitividad de las empresas y los territorios. En 2008, el gobierno de Chile implementa una politica de cluster. Treinta empresarios de turismo de Olmue (region de Valparaiso), desarrollan un proyecto de certificacion agrupandose para mejorar la competitividad. Como estudio de caso, entrevistamos a los gerentes de las empresas de turismo, funcionarios publicos encargados de implementar la politica de clusters. Nuestros resultados muestran que en el caso del cluster «Sello Biosfera», la proximidad geografica no es suficiente para crear nuevas practicas y que es necesario trabajar la proximidad organizacional. Los aprendizajes que se generaron son alentadores y muestran que los actores se apropiaron del nuevo instrumento y han aprendido a elaborar juntos nuevos proyectos; menos ambiciosos que el cluster pero que les permitan generar las condiciones organizacionales, confianza y lenguaje comun para un trabajo colectivo. EnglishGrouping to innovate seems to be the main lever used by states to improve competitiveness of enterprises. In 2008, the government of Chile implements a clusters policy. A tourism enterprises association located in Olmue (Valparaiso region), got involved into a certification project, grouping them to become more competitive. As a case study, we interviewed managers of the selected enterprises (hotels, restaurants, tourist operators), public officials and in particular those who are encouraged to implement cluster policies. Our results show that for the cluster initiative named «Sello Biosfera», spatial proximity is not enough to create new organizational practices, and it is necessary to strengthen the latter. Organizational learning generated during the certification process is encouraging and evidence that despite difficulties, local actors assimilated the new instrument (cluster) proposed by the Government, and they have learned to work together in smaller projects than cluster itself, allowing them in a medium term to generate organizational conditions, trust each other and common language for collective work.

Efectos de la certificación turística en la gobernanza territorial: el caso del Sello “Biosfera”, Olmué (Chile)