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Tactful coordination on earth between hundreds of operators from diversedisciplines and backgrounds is needed to ensure that Martian rovers have a highlikelihood of achieving their science goals while enduring the harshenvironment of the red planet. The operations team includes many individuals,each with independent and overlapping objectives, working to decide what toexecute on the Mars surface during the next planning period. The team must worktogether to understand each other's objectives and constraints within a fixedtime period, often requiring frequent revision. This study examines thechallenges faced during Mars surface operations, from high-level scienceobjectives to formulating a valid, safe, and optimal activity plan that isready to be radiated to the rover. Through this examination, we aim toilluminate how planning intent can be formulated and effectively communicatedto future spacecrafts that will become more and more autonomous. Our findingsreveal the intricate nature of human-to-human interactions that require a largearray of soft skills and core competencies to communicate concurrently withscience and engineering teams during plan formulation. Additionally, ourfindings exposed significant challenges in eliciting planning intent fromoperators, which will intensify in the future, as operators on the groundasynchronously co-operate the rover with the on board autonomy. Building amarvellous robot and landing it onto the Mars surface are remarkable feats-however, ensuring that scientists can get the best out of the mission is anongoing challenge and will not cease to be a difficult task with increasedautonomy.

Human-Computer Interaction Glow Up: Examining Operational Trust and Intention Towards Mars Autonomous Systems