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High-speed turbulent diffusion flames were investigated using time-averaged spontaneous Raman scattering to determine the vibrational and rotational temperature of the major diatomic species, N2 and O2. Mixing-induced thermal non-equilibrium is detected in the shear layer upstream of the turbulent hydrogen flame in N2 molecules but not O2. Rotational temperatures of the two species agree to within the measurement precision. The non-equilibrium is relaxed immediately beyond the average flame-base location due to the presence of combustion products. The non-equilibrium measured in a lower speed methanehydrogen flame is significantly weaker, as expected. The presence of non-equilibrium is confirmed using Rayleigh thermometry images to quantify the effect of translational temperature variation in the Raman measurement volume. The effect of interspecies vibrational energy transfer is investigated using large-eddy simulations of the experimental flow. Good agreement is found between the measurements and average simulated temperature fields when the interspecies vibrational coupling is very weak.

Spontaneous Raman Scattering Temperature Measurements and Large Eddy Simulations of Vibrational Non-equilibrium in High-Speed Jet Flames