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This paper investigates the acoustic properties of an orifice with bias flow under medium and high sound level excitation. Orifices with two different edge configurations were tested experimentally.The study includes a wide range of bias flow velocities, various acoustic excitation levels and different frequencies. The so-called Cummings equation was the starting point for the theoretical modelling. It was modified and a novel orifce acoustic discharge coefficient model was developed both for cases with and without bias flow. The model was experimentally validated. With this model the acoustic resistance is obtained by the harmonic balance method, and the results agree fairly well with the experimental results for low frequencies. Experimental results also show that bias flow makes the acoustic properties much more complex compared to the no bias flow case, especially when the velocity ratio between acoustic particle velocity and mean flow velocity is near unity.  <p>QC 20131016</p

The effect of combined high level acoustic excitation and bias flow on the acoustic properties of an in-duct orifice