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to produce ionizing reactions. The weakly ionized plasma around the vehicle can interfere with vehicle communications, and in some cases can have an important eect on the rate of heat transfer to the capsule surface. In the present study, the modeling of reactions involving charged species is considered. Axisymmetric simulations of hypersonic ow about the forebody of the FIRE II reentry vehicle using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method are presented, with the ight conditions of the vehicle at 85 km altitude used as the test case. The baseline ow eld solution is computed using the commonly used Total Collision Energy (TCE) chemistry model to simulate reactions involving charged particles. The standard chemistry model is then replaced with both measured and computed cross section data for the simulation of electron impact ionization, associative ionization and dissociation of N2 by electron impact. The results obtained using the improved model are compared to those obtained with the baseline model, and the changes in the ow eld variables are systematically examined. The use of reaction cross section data for modeling electron impact dissociation has a large eect on the computed ow eld composition. The use of the reaction cross section data for associative ionization and electron impact ionization has a limited eect

Simulation of Reactions Involving Charged Particles in Hypersonic Rarefied Flows