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The interaction between aerodynamics and structural flexibility in a low Reynolds number environment is of considerable interest to biological and micro air vehicles. In this study, coupled fluid-structure computations of the Navier-Stokes fluid flow and a flexible airfoil in low Reynolds number environments are conducted to probe the aerodynamic implications. While a flexible airfoil deforms in response to the aerodynamic loading, it exhibits an equivalent pitching motion, which modifies the effective angle of attack, causing noticeable differences in lift and thrust generation. Within the range of the flexibility considered, the flow fields are similar in all cases. Even at Re=100, in the plunging motion, the force acting on airfoil is dominated by pressure and the viscous force is of little impact on the overall lift and thrust generation. Detailed airfoil shape is secondary compared to the equivalent angle of attack.

A Study of Aerodynamics of Low Reynolds Number Flexible Airfoils