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For computational multiphase flow involving detailed interfacial dynamics, the outstanding issues include topological changes, geometric capturing, local resolution, conservative treatment, and spurious characteristics associated with property jumps across the interface. In this work, a marker-based, conservative immersed boundary with triangulated surface grid representation for 3D interfaces and local adaptive grid refinement for resolution enhancement is presented. Markers are dynamically added and deleted from the interface using a conservative restructuring to preserve the phase volume and maintain a satisfactory interface resolution. The topological changes are handled using the level-contour reconstruction technique while preserving the logical connectivity information of the interface, which provides enhanced flexibility as compared to the connectivity-free markerbased tracking methods with minimal added algorithmic-complexity. An adaptive Cartesian grid technique has been employed to refine the field computation. The overall accuracy of the algorithms has been established via studies of spurious velocity currents for static bubbles, rising bubble simulations with various terminal shapes, and head-on and off-axis coalescence of two bubbles.

Three-Dimensional Adaptive Grid Computation with Conservative, Marker-Based Tracking for Interfacial Fluid Dynamics