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This paper presents real-time guidance strategies for unmanned aerialvehicles (UAVs) that can be used to enhance their flight endurance by utilizing{\sl insitu} measurements of wind speeds and wind gradients. In thesestrategies, periodic adjustments would be made in the airspeed and/or headingangle command for the UAV to minimize a projected power requirement at somefuture time. In this paper, UAV flights are described by a three-dimensionaldynamic point-mass. Onboard closed-loop trajectory tracking logics that followairspeed vector commands are modeled using the method of feedbacklinearization. A generic wind field model is assumed that consists of aconstant term plus terms that vary sinusoidally with respect to the location.To evaluate the benefits of these strategies in enhancing UAV flight endurance,a reference strategy is introduced in which the UAV would seek to follow thedesired airspeed in a steady level flight under zero wind. A performancemeasure is defined as the average power consumption both over a specified timeinterval and over different initial heading angles of the UAV. A relativebenefit criterion is then defined as the percentage improvement of theperformance measure of a proposed strategy over that of the reference strategy.Extensive numerical simulations are conducted. Results demonstrate the benefitsand trends of power savings of the proposed real-time guidance strategies.

Real-Time First Order Guidance Strategies for Trajectory Optimization in UAVs by Utilizing Wind Energy