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Itiswellknownthatprojectilesequippedwith liquidpayloadsexperiencelargedestabilizingmomentsinduced by internalmotionofthe fluid.Forsomeconfigurations,thesemomentsmayleadtocatastrophic flightinstabilities.This paperexploreshowpayloadgeometry, fluidspin-uprate,andthemagnitudeoflaunchperturbationsaffectthe flight trajectories of projectiles with a liquid payload, including projectile instability. A dynamic simulation model is used in which a projectile rigid-body dynamics representation incorporates liquid moments generated from linearized Navier–Stokes predictions. A novel feature of this simulation is its use of linear filtering within the model, which determines fast- and slow-mode angle-of-attack contributions at each time step to be used in computation of liquid moments. Example cases and Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate how design factors and launch perturbations affect the projectile’s tendency to exhibit flight instability. The paper concludes with a summary of advantageous design characteristics that are likely to mitigate the effects of destabilizing liquid moments.

Design Considerations for Stability of Liquid Payload Projectiles