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A new C18-diterpenoid alkaloid, along with four known diterpenoid alkaloids have been isolated from the roots of Aconitum sinomontanum. Their structures were established as sinomontanine I (1), delcosine (2), lepenine (3), napelline (4), and kirinine B (5) by extensive spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods.The immunosuppressive effects of compounds 1–4 were evaluated in vitro through ConA-induced or LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation, with IC50 values of 8.909 μM, 1.515 μM,5.078 μM, and 1.167 μM (ConA-induced),or 3.661 μM, 4.417 μM, 5.129 μM, and 1.830 μM (LPS-induced), and compounds 1–4 showed a significant cytotoxic effect with CC50 values of 447.5 μM, 702.2 μM, 310.6 μM and 794.1 μM, respectively. The CC50/IC50 value of 2 and 3 suggested that these compounds were potential immunosuppressive agents for the treatment of autoimmune diseases characterized by arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Diterpenoid Alkaloids from the Roots of Aconitum sinomontanum and Their Evaluation of Immunotoxicity