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In this article I explore the relations between citizenship, race and sex in the Andean village of Pocobaya, in Bolivia. The relationships that men and women share are considered against the background of hegemonic ideas of gender, discourses surrounding the ‘indian’, as well as the role of schools; and the racialization of both gender and political domination. The role of both the Army and men’s work in the mines is analyzed as a nationalizing and masculinizing influence. Men’s contact with prostitution and pornography allows them to compare their image of white sexuality with that typical of Pocobayans. Women’s lack of contact with Spanish language and with the white culture makes them doubly removed from what is valued in Bolivian citizenship. Hegemonic ideas of race and gender are reproduced on a number of levels within the lives of villagers which creates tensions as different normative gender models are in conflict. On some occasions men reproduce the raced and gendered hierarchies in instances of conjugal violence where they cast their wives as ‘dirty indians’.

El indio desde adentro, el indio desde afuera: ciudadanía, raza y sexo en una comunidad boliviana