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Objective. Many factors can induce the periodontal disease, including inadequate dietary intake, irritating factors of the marginal periodontium, and contamination with periodontal pathogens. Standardization of experimental animal models allows a rapid evaluation of therapeutic approaches. Methods and results. The study included five sheep aged five years, receiving food intake with a high content of fats, oxalic and phytic acids. Local induction of periodontal disease consisted of a surgical procedure based on sectioning of superficial periodontal ligaments, instillation of periodontal exudate collected from human patients, and tooth neck ligation. Periodontitis was successfully induced in all the sheep included in the study. The comparisons between clinical and radiological indices (gingival recession, bleeding on probing, periodontal probing depth, demineralization of interdental septa) were highly statistically significant (p˂˂0.01). The histopathological aspects of periodontal disease were characterized: tooth bone resorption and destruction of periodontal ligaments, presence of bacterial plaque and calculus, inflammatory reaction with multifocal distribution, as well as gingival epithelial hyperplasia. Conclusions. The natural increase in tooth mobility and predisposition of sheep to periodontal disease, induce a greater resemblance of this experimental model to the human condition and allows a more extensive study of therapeutic methods.

Induction of chronic marginal periodontitis in an experimental sheep model: clinical, radiological and histological evaluation