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The courtship behavior of wild boars was observed and compared with that of domestic pigs in order to clarify the variance of behavior accompanying with domestication. Two groups under captive conditions were used in this experiment. Each group consisted of one male and five or six females. The statistical sequence of male courtship behavior was determined. The sequences of following to sniffing, sniffing to chin-resting and leaving, and chin-resting to mounting were positively significant (P<0.001). Sniffing determines whether male wild boars continue the courtship behavior or not. There were some differences between wild boars and domestic pigs in their courtship behavior. According to the results of previous studies on domestic pigs, nosing was located in the center of the courtship behavior flow diagram, and there were significant behavioral transitions from all courtship behaviors to nosing, and from nosing to mounting. On the other hand, only two patterns of significant behavioral transition, from nosing to head to head and from mounting to following, were observed in wild boars. It is likely that the courtship behavior of wild boars is, therefore, more fixed than that of domestic pigs. The courtship behavior of male wild boars focused significantly more on the left hand side of females than on the right hand side (P<0.05). Flehmen-like behavior after vulva-sniffing, urine-sniffing and dung-sniffing was observed. This behavior continued from two to twenty-five seconds.

Courtship Behavior of Japanese Wild Boars, Sus scrofa leucomystax, under Captive Conditions