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The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of giving high concentrate ration or urine and serum mineral concentrations, and to determine an inducing factor of calculi formation in cattle and sheep. Six wethers were given four different ratio of concentrate to roughage consisting of following in percent; 90: 10, 80: 20, 70: 30, 60: 40. The urine volume appeared to decrease to a little extent as increasing the concentrate to roughage ratio. When the highest concentrate ration-90% of concentrate-was given, the urine pH value lowered and the urine calcium concentration increased. The urine phosphorus concentration increased substantially and the serum phosphorus concentration increased to a little extent with the elevation of concentrate to roughage ratio. There were significant linear correlations between the urine pH value and the urine calcium concentration, and between the urine pH value and the urine phosphorus concentration. The increased urine phosphorus concentration induced by a mild acidosis may become one of causative factor to produce urinary calculi. It was observed in the previous experiment1) that urine concentrations of phosphorus, magnesium and sodium increased and urolithiasis had occurred during the latter half of fattening period in steers given high concentrate rations. But these changes did no occur in steers given enough roughages. HAWKINS2) indicated the higher the level of concentrate to the level of roughage, the greater the incidence of urolithiasis. Intakes of high concentrate ration may bring the special effects on the mineral metabolism in ruminants. This study was conduced to determine the effect of high concentrate ration on urine and serum mineral concentrations, and to examine an inducing factor of the formation of urinary calculi. Materials and Methods Six wethers, averaging about 35kg, were fed for eighty days in spring . Wethers were Table 1. Composition of basal ration Jap. J. Zootech. Sci., 47, (2): 104-109. 104 1976. 2. Studies on Urolithiasis Table 2. Dietary mineral contents (% of air dry matter) given four different concentrate to roughage ratio consisting of following in percent; 90: 10, 80: 20, 70: 30, 60: 40, in each of four periods of twenty days. The composion of basal ration is shown in Table 1. Six wethers were alloted two groups with three wethers each. One group was given from 90: 10 to 60: 40, and the other group from 60: 40 to 90: 10. The ration was given twice daily at the level of 1% of the body weight, and water was available at all times. The dietary mineral contents are shown in table 2. After thirteen days of preliminary period, urine and serum samples were obtained during the next seven days in each four periods. The sampling procedure and the analytical methods were the same as those in the previous experiment3).

Studies on Urolithiasis in Fattening Cattle: Effect of High Concentrate Ration on Urine and Serum Mineral Concentrations in Wethers