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The geometries and stabilities of VGen (n = 9 13) clusters were systematically studied with the density functional theory (DFT) using the BP86 functional and LANL2DZ basis set. Several possible multiplicities of each cluster were tested to determine the most stable structure among the isomers. The average binding energy per atom, fragmentation energy, second order energy difference and HOMOLUMO gaps were evaluated. The results indicate that the neutral and anionic clusters possessed higher stability when n = 10 and 12. The vertical detachment energy (VDE) and adiabatic detachment energy (ADE) were also calculated for anionic clusters to investigate their stabilities. Among the neutral clusters, VGe10 had both the highest vertical ionization potential (VIP) and chemical hardness.

The Geometries and Stabilities of Neutral and Anionic Vanadium Doped Germanium Clusters VGen0/-( n = 9 - 13): Density Functional Theory Investigations