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Based on the knowledge that newborns, even the extremely preterm and critically ill of any gestational age, are able to experience pain and that pain in these patients leads to physiological and behavioral repercussions that may increase morbidity and the mortality in the short and medium term and that can lead to consequences in the development of the nociceptive and neurological system in the long term, the presence of pain in newborns hospitalized in intensive care unit or submitted to potentially painful procedures must be systematically evaluated and, when present, treated according to the state of the art with regard to pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures for pain relief in the neonatal period. This article is a practical guide to the systematic evaluation of pain in the newborn and its treatment. It is evident that, in the case of a subjective symptom in a population that is not yet able to verbalize what it feels and for which the scientific evidence on which the therapeutic measures are based is scarce, the controversy permeates the whole theme. Thus, the reader will find, far from an absolute truth, a suggestion for his practical performance.

Evaluation and treatment of pain in the neonatal period