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The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends an initial treatment regimen for tuberculosis in children that is comparable to that for adults, with directly monitored multiple-drug therapy for 6 months. Early initiation of treatment in younger children is essential due to the possibility of rapid dissemination of the disease, severe sequelae, and death. Children and adolescents usually tolerate antituberculosis drugs very well. This article aims to review the main therapeutic regimens, dosages, and adverse effects associated with first-line drugs used in treatment regimens for tuberculosis in children and to provide some practical recommendations for the follow-up of children and adolescents undergoing treatment. The article reviews current guidelines from the WHO and the Brazilian Ministry of Health as well as currently used therapeutic regimens and their main adverse effects. The reviewed literature states that at recommended doses, antituberculosis drugs are well tolerated by the pediatric population, and severe adverse effects are rare and mostly temporary. The frequency of toxic effects may be related to disease severity. Isoniazid is the most extensively studied drug and the most commonly used in children because it is also used in the treatment of latent tuberculosis. Liver toxicity is the primary described adverse effect. In most cases, when treatment is started adequately on time, it proceeds without severe adverse effects that require the therapy to be suspended. A high degree of suspicion is required to establish the diagnosis and consequently the adequate treatment, aiming for a long-term change in the course of the disease in children. Palavras-chave:

Treatment Regimens For Tuberculosis In Children And Related Adverse Effects