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A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 30 August, 2020 Accepted: 31 October, 2020 Online: 20 November, 2020 Technologies are growing with the passage of time and providing solutions for the existing problems. One of such problems is to manage the crowd according to available capacity. Especially when the crowd density is dynamic because of dynamic position of the persons (Pilgrims). Not only dynamic position of the pilgrims makes crowd capacity dynamic but also special events increase and decrease in number of pilgrims that affect the capacity in a specific place. Therefore, it is not an easy job to estimate the available capacity according to the dynamic position and event. To overcome such problems of dynamic position and event-based crowd management different techniques and approaches are adopted. To solve the above-mentioned problem, this paper proposes a proactive approach to estimate the space occupy by the pilgrims in different positions in a zone or level. Maximum capacity in each zone and level is define on the basis of each position. On the basis of maximum and occupy capacities, available (remaining) capacity has been estimated in a zone and level according to the events such as Pilgrimage, Ramadan, Jummah etc. The occupied and available capacities in a zone, level or in the whole building can be estimated with the help of technologies such as Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor topologies according to position and event. Simulation shows different scenarios according to the zones and different levels of building to prove the proactive approach. According to the results, it is concluded that zones, levels and point of entrances should be allocated to the pilgrims to avoid the congestion problems. Further for massive crowd and large area multi sink solution is better than single sink solution to estimate available capacity.

A Simulation Based Proactive Approach for Smart Capacity Estimation in the Context of Dynamic Positions and Events