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Parking lot lighting should meet multiple objectives. One important design objective is that parking lot lighting should provide a sense of personal safety and security. This objective has been the focus of studies from the Lighting Research Center since the 1990s, which involved research on lighting characteristics such as the average illuminance, the spectral power distribution of the light source, and the uniformity of illumination across the parking lot surface. Building upon this body of research, a recent study is described in which the interactions among these factors, not only their isolated impacts, on subjective perceptions of safety and security are assessed. The research efforts described here demonstrate how light level, spectrum and uniformity combine to affect perceptions of safety in parking lot users. Importantly, specifications of lighting based on these criteria would permit substantial reductions in energy use and light pollution in outdoor lighting while meeting users' needs.

INTEGRATING RESEARCH ON SAFETY PERCEPTIONS UNDER PARKING LOT ILLUMINATION