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This study compared the effectiveness of water and land based balance specific exercise in older adults. Twelve participants engaged in either water (W) or land (L) exercise consisting of a standard class and balance training. Both classes exercised for 60 min, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Balance tests were administered pre and postintervention. A 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA with repeated measures on the second factor (p < .05) demonstrated that participants of both groups improved significantly in functional reach, timed “up & go,” step test right and left leg, and 6-min walk. No changes were found in tandem gait or one-leg stance and the interaction between the exercise conditions. These results suggest that when both water and land-based programs focus on balance-specific training, the mode of exercise is less important than the specificity of the intervention. I conclude that water exercise is an important mode to consider for improving balance in older adults due to the supporting nature and the safe exercise environment of the water. The incidence and severity of falls in the elderly is alarming. For example, over one in three older adults fall each year (Kenny, Rubenstein, Martin, & Tinetti,

Balance Specific Training in Water and on Land in Older Adults: A Pilot Study