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Abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin Al (GA1), GA4, GA9, GA12, GA15, GA19, GA20, GA24, GA34, GA44, GA51 and 3-epi-GA4 were identified by full-scan gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and/or GC/selected ion monitoring (GC/SIM) in purified extracts of dormant bulbs of Litium elegans Thunb. cv. Connecticut King. The findings suggest that two independent GA biosynthetic pathways exist, the early-non-hydroxylation pathway leading to GA4 (active GA) and the early-13-hydroxylation pathway leading to GA1 (active GA). To investigate the physiological roles of ABA and GAs in breaking the dormancy of lily bulbs by cold treatment, quantification of ABA and GAs in the lily bulbs during the cold treatment and the subsequent growth was carried out by GC/SIM, using the corresponding deuterium-labeled compounds as internal standards. The levels of ABA and GA4 increased during cold treatment, reaching a maximum level at the end of the treatment; thereafter the levels decreased rapidly. The level of GA24, a precursor of GA4, also increased during cold treatment and remained elevated, whereas levels of 13-hydroxylated GAs such as GA1, GA19 and GA20 decreased during the cold treatment. The above results suggest that GA4 plays a principal role in breaking dormancy in lily bulbs. The physiological roles of ABA in lily bulbs are also discussed.

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Identification of Gibberellins and Abscisic Acid in Bulbs of Lilium elegans Thunb. and Their Quantitative Changes during Cold Treatment and the Subsequent Cultivation.