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Two-year-old trees of ‘Miyagawa Wase’, an early maturing variety of satsuma mandarin, were planted in 1967 at various planting densities, and grown under different cultural treatments until they were 21 years old.Planting densities were 1, 250, 2, 500, 5, 000, and 10, 000 trees/ha. Cultural treatments were shallow plowing (0.3m in depth)+less fertilization (half of standard fertilization) and deep plowing (0.6m in depth)+standard fertilization (N, P2O5, K2O: 270, 240, 220 kg/ha) with no pruning+no fruit thinning or pruning (light, open-center training)+fruit thinning (number of leaves per fruit: 35).Effects of planting density and cultural treatments on the crown density (percentage of land covered by canopy) were examined during the period from 1969 to 1986 (tree age from 4 to 21 years). At the level of maximum yield, crown density was also examined at each planting density.The results were as follows:1. Crown density rapidly increased toward 100% with increasing planting density.2. At planting densities of 1, 250 and 2, 500 trees/ha, crown densities increased more rapidly under deep plowing+standard fertilization than under shallow plowing+less fertilization, and with no pruning+no fruit thinning than with pruning+fruit thinning. At densities of 5, 000 and 10, 000 trees/ha, there were no distinct differences in the crown densities among different cultural treatments.3. When crown density reached approximately 1000, maximum yield was obtained in each planting density. The average maximum yield was 66 t/ha.4. From the above results, it is expected that when the crown density is maintained at 80% level by suitable tree thinning, the trees will produce fruit at approximately 60t/ha with high quality.

Effect of Planting Density and Some Cultural Treatments on the Crown Density in Wase Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. var. praecox Tanaka) Tree