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1. Topping before bloom with removal of lateral shoots produced a slightly longer clusters in the first crop compared with those not treated, and augmented the number of seeded or seedless berries per cluster, resulting in a marked increase in cluster weight. On the other hand, the crop included some clusters which did not color, and showed a decreased refractometer index of the fruit juice, when the second crop was left on the second lateral shoot. Topping after bloom with removal of the lateral shoots showed few or no effects on berry weight, seeded berry set, cluster length and cluster weight.2. Treatment of clusters in the first crop with gibberellin after bloom promoted the enlargement of both seeded and seedless berries, improving the weight and shape of the cluster. Especially, seedless berries treated with gibberellin showed a value about 2.5 times, 10.9g, that of those untreated, on control shoots. The weight of clusters treated with gibberellin on the shoots was on the average about twice as much as that of the untreated clusters, 196g. The refractometer index and acidity in both seeded and seedless berries decreased with the treatment of gibberellin.3. Topping at node-order 10 with removal of lateral shoots promoted the development of second lateral shoots arising from axillary buds on the bearing shoots, causing them to bear the second crop. In those treated before bloom toward the end of May, the lateral shoots and the berries of the second crop grew most vigorously compared with those treated at other topping times, though the bearing rate of the clusters per shoot and the activity of their development were a little low. The bearing rate of clusters, the development of rachises and their number showed the utmost value in those treated by topping after bloom in the middle of June. The same result with regard to the age of bearing shoots topped after harvest was obtained by topping at the green part. Clusters produced from this topping contained more nitrogen and carbohydrates than those from topping at the tip of the bearing shoots which were not so well differentiated and had fewer rachises. If the topping time was delayed or if the topping was performed at a mature part of the bearing shoots, the second lateral shoots became weaker in growth and bore clusters with aborted rachises.4. Berries of the second crop grew less vigorously than those of the first crop. Berry weight of the second crop produced by topping on May 31 revealed a maximum of 8.8g at harvest and that from July 13, 6.4g. The number of berries per cluster in the second crop born by topping toward the end of May through late June was about 2 or 3 times more than that of the first crop. The cluster weight was also superior to that of the first crop.5. The second crop showed a higher refractometer index and acidity than the first crop. And as the topping was late, there was also a tendency for the refractometer index to lower, but the acids to increase. However, the quality of the second crop was improved by delaying the harvest time or by covering the plants with plastic film in September, producing an increase in soluble solids and a decrease in acidity.

engei gakkai zasshi

Effects of Topping at Different Times on Fruit-set and Development of the First and Second Crops in Kyoho Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.^|^times;V. labrusca Bailey)