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To develop a new onion cropping type using onion sets for early winter harvesting, we investigated the effects of mulching films (white-on-black, black, and green mulching films) and planting dates (August 2, 12, 22, and September 1) of sets in the northern Tohoku area of Japan. The daily mean soil temperature was lower under the white-on-black mulching film than under the green or black mulching films, especially in August. The duration from planting to sprouting was shorter whereas the plant growth, marketable bulb weight, and yield were higher under the white-on-black film than under the other films, possibly because of the lower temperature leading to less plant growth inhibition. Among the planting dates, the plant growth, marketable bulb weight, and yield were the highest in the case of August 12, resulting from a longer duration from planting to bulb initiation and moderate daylength and temperature during bulb growth. Therefore, it was considered that planting onion sets around August 12 and the use of the white-on-black mulching film were optimal adaptations to the cropping type for early winter harvesting. However, the number of decayed bulbs, likely caused by freezing injury just before the end of harvesting, was high under the white-on-black mulching film.

engeigaku kenkyuu

Type of Mulching Film and Planting Date Adapted to a New Onion Cropping Type Using Onion Sets for Early Winter Harvesting in the Northern Tohoku Area of Japan