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To improve the uniformity of emergence, the effect of the physical properties of a medium on the emergence of tomato was investigated. In experiment 1, tomato ‘CF momotaro york’ was sown in plug trays with 4 different medium conditions: bulk densities of a commercial medium made from mainly peat moss of 0.12 (PM/L) and 0.15 (PM/H), and bulk densities of granular rockwool of 0.14 (RW/L) and 0.28 (RW/H). When the plug trays were irrigated with different amounts of water, pF showed emergence rates at 4 days after sowing as follows: PM/L, 1.53; PM/H, 1.48; RW/L, 1.37; and RW/H, 1.58. In experiment 2, the seeds were sown in petri dishes at a depth of 5 mm in the same media as in experiment 1. The range of pF exceeding 90% of the germination rate at 72 h after sowing was: PM/L, 1.23~3.06; PM/H, 1.17~3.20; RW/L, 0.85~1.46; and RW/H, 1.40~1.87. In experiment 3, the water distribution in cells of plug trays with the 4 different medium conditions and different irrigation amounts was investigated. Under all conditions, pF of the top layer (depth of 0~1 cm) did not change between 1 and 48 h after irrigation. pF of the top layer in PM/L and RW/L stayed in a range with a germination rate exceeding 90% in experiment 2 regardless of the irrigation amount. The range of pF in cells 48 h after irrigation in experiment 3, corresponding to the maximum emergence rate in experiment 1, was: PM/L, 1.47~1.65; PM/H, 1.32~1.64; RW/L, 1.07~1.35. Water distribution in the medium was, therefore, necessary for improving the emergence rate at 4 days after sowing. pF in cells should be kept within the range of 1.4~1.6 to achieve a high germination rate.

Effect of Physical Properties of Medium and Its Water Distribution on Uniform Emergence of Tomato Plug Seedlings