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To establish an effective night-break (NB) lighting system for the commercial production of chrysanthemum, it is necessary to clarify the optimum timing and duration of lighting at night. Therefore, we determined the duration of darkness before the achievement of maximum sensitivity to NB (dusk-NBmax) and the relationship between the timing and duration of light exposure that optimized the inhibition of flowering in the chrysanthemum cultivars ‘Jimba’ and ‘Iwano-hakusen’. The duration of dusk-NBmax was 10 h and 15–25 min and 7.5–8 h for ‘Jimba’ and ‘Iwano-hakusen’, respectively. In both cultivars, the most effective NB timing was achieved by extending the illumination by 0.5–1 h after the end of NBmax. The inhibitory effects of NB on flowering increased in proportion to the length of NB; however, further extension of NB adversely reduced its effects. The reduction in the NB effect induced by extending the duration of illumination was associated with the presence or absence of darkness before NB. On the basis of these results, we propose a practical lighting system for the optimum inhibition of flowering in chrysanthemum, whereby the most effective timing and duration of NB are 4 h after dusk and 0.5–1 h after dusk-Nbmax, respectively, for each cultivar.

Effective Night-break Timing and Duration of Optimal Inhibition of Floral Initiation in Chrysanthemum