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The effects of night-break treatment at different times on flower bud initiation in chrysanthemum were investigated using ‘Jinba’ and ‘Iwanohakusen’. These two genotypes are major autumn and summer-to-autumn flowering cultivars in Japan, with different critical day lengths. The most sensitive timing of night-break treatment was not the middle of the night, but the late time zone of the night in ‘Iwanohakusen’. When the dark period started earlier on using shade materials, the timing of the maximum sensitivity to night-break treatment became earlier. The relationship between the day-length (12, 10, and 8 h) and timing of night-break treatment in the flower initiation response of the autumn chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Jinba’ was investigated. The day length was longer as the timing of maximum sensitivity to night-break treatment shifted to the late time zone of the night. The results suggest that the timing of light sensitivity in the night-break response relates to the beginning of the dark period. In ‘Jinba’, the most sensitive timing of night break appeared about 9–10 h after the beginning of the dark period. In comparison with autumn flowering and summer-to-autumn flowering chrysanthemums, summer-to-autumn flowering genotypes showed a tendency whereby the most sensitive timing of night-break treatment appeared at an earlier time from the beginning of the dark period. The results suggest the relationship between the critical day length and most sensitive time zone of the dark period.

Effect of Night-break Treatment at Different Times on Inhibition of Flower Bud Initiation in Chrysanthemum