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Turn alternation is the tendency of an organism during a single trial to turn in the opposite direction to a previous forced turn. It has been shown that this phenomenon depends on feedback from proprioceptive cues derived from prior response. Turn alternation has been studied mainly in invertebrates. An early explanation of invertebrate turn alternation was based on Hull's concept of reactive inhibition (Hull, 1943). However, more recent studies focus on the bilaterally asymmetrical leg movements (BALM) hypothesis which emphasizes activity differences between the right and left legs (Hughes, 1985). Additionally, many studies have shown variables that can modify turn alternation. The most commonly investigated are pre- and post- forced turn distances, the number of forced turns, and the angle of a forced turn. Although there are many studies which have investigated these variables, some of the results are conflicting because these studies tested different species with varying experimental designs. Further studies which control the experimental designs are needed to gain a further understanding of the nature of turn alternation.

Issues and implications of turn alternation in invertebrates: A review