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Diabetes is associated with decrements in cognitive function and with abnormalities in brain morphology. In addition, alterations of metabolism have been reported in the diabetic brain. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that can be employed to determine the concentration of metabolites in a fully non-invasive manner under normal physiological conditions. The present article reviews major findings from 1H MRS studies in the brain of diabetes patients, and of pre-clinical models of both insulin-dependent and insulin-resistant diabetes. Metabolic alterations measured in vivo by MRS are closely associated to events of the neurodegenerative process at cellular level, and thus allow understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes-associated brain complications. Moreover, MRS constitutes an excellent tool for tracking outcomes of therapeutic interventions. However, further studies are required to clearly establish the links between diabetes-induced alterations of metabolism, structure and function in the brain.

Metabolism in the Diabetic Brain: Neurochemical Profiling by 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy