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Background: Both diet composition and total calorie intake can influence body mass and measures of metabolic health. Methods: We assigned male Long-Evans rats (N=28) to either a high-fat Western Diet (WD) or a moderate fat, purified Vegan Diet (VD) for 12 months, the first 3 of which food was provided ad libitum and the latter 9 in which food was restricted to approximately 90% of animals’ daily needs. Half of the animals in each diet group were assigned to be exercise trained (+E) by running on a treadmill three days per week and the other half served as sedentary controls. Body mass was monitored daily and reported at three month intervals; plasma indicators of metabolic health were determined at the conclusion of the 12-month period. Results: After three months of ad libitum feeding, body mass was higher for the WD compared to the VD (549g vs 484g; p<0.00001; pooled data for both exercise groups), and slightly less for the exercise-trained animals as compared to the sedentary animals (494g vs 539g; p=0.006; pooled data for both diet groups). Following 9 months of mild caloric restriction, body mass decreased approximately 15% for all groups, except for the WD+E group, for which the decrease was approximately 8%. Oxidative stress biomarkers, as measured by advanced oxidation protein products (p<0.0001) and malondialdehyde (p=0.05), were lower for the VD groups as compared to the WD groups. Triglycerides (p<0.0001) and cholesterol (p=0.0006) were also lower for the VD groups as compared to the WD groups, but glucose was not (p=0.09). Conclusion: While mild caloric restriction results in a similar percent decrease in body weight in animals adhering to both a WD and VD, the improved metabolic health of animals following the VD, as indicated by lower plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress and blood lipids, highlights the fact that consuming a purified diet yields benefits that extend beyond mere weight loss.

Metabolic Health Outcomes Following Nine Months Of Mild Caloric Restriction In Male Rats Adhering To A Western Or Vegan Diet