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The release of pollutants into coastal zones from municipal and/or industrialdrainage systems is a problem with a considerable environmental impact. Inorder to minimize the contamination of coastal waters in certain places (e.g.,along beaches and in aquacultures), solutions based on the construction ofsubmarine sewer outfalls have been proposed. In order to ascertain the optimalconditions for the release of an emissary, in particular the place of release, it isnecessary to characterize the hydrodynamic transport processes that govern theevolution and mixture of pollutants in the area of interest. Circulation in thecoastal zone is complicated, given that it is determined by a set of forcingmechanisms of diverse origins (meteorological, astronomical, large-scale oceancirculation, etc.) that endow it with a considerable space-time variation.Wastewater plume behaviour and characteristics depend both on the receivingwater conditions and on the discharge characteristics. Accordingly, theimplementation of a submarine outfall system requires a prior study of the sitewhere the outfall is to be constructed, in order to achieve optimal rates of dilutionof the pollutants released to the environment. Mathematical modelling appears tobe a very useful tool for coastal zone environmental management either forcontinuous monitoring analysis or in accidental ecosystem rupture. This workpresents some results and conclusions of two case studies. The first is astudy of the pollutant cloud released at the São Jacinto submarine seweroutfall, located about 3 km offshore and 3 km north of an importantcoastal lagoon (NW Portugal). The main focus of this study was toestablish the hydrodynamic conditions in which the pollutant releasemight affect the coastline (principally the existing beaches and lagoon).The second case presents some hydrodynamic results and water qualityaspects of the Ria de Arosa (NW Spain), and also includes an assessmentof the environmental impact of wastewater discharges from ninesubmarine outfalls considered in the sanitation plan of this bay. Results offaecal matter concentration distribution were used in the discussion on theoutfall discharges’ impact on the natural water system for differenthydrodynamic scenarios. In both cases, 3D numerical models were used

Contribution to the preservation of healthy coastal ecosystems