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Bam Citadel, the largest adobe masonry building in the world, collapsed under the earthquake of 2003. From a wide range of structures in Bam Citadel two rooms were selected for collapse analysis. A combined FEM/DEM method was used through explicit dynamic LS-DYNA software. A macro modelling strategy has been chosen for masonry modelling. Potential cracks were defined by the aid of CAD software for the whole geometry. Collapse analysis of the structure without reinforcement has been done in order to determine the weak points through the collapse sequence. The collapse of the unreinforced structure was used as a guide for reinforcement locations. Reinforcement trials by glass fiber bars with different locations and values have been tested to show the effect of reinforcement on the collapse behaviour. Finally, glass fiber reinforcement bars have been designed to prevent the collapse.

Collapse analysis of reinforced and unreinforced adobe masonry structures under earthquake actions—case study: Bam Citadel