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Membrane filtration of raw water obtained from Hartebeespoort dam in South Africa and spiked with four different organochlorides pesticides (4,4-DDT 10.4 μg/L; Heptachlor 10.4 μg/L; Aldrin 26.05 μg/L; Endosulfan sulfate 10.4 μg/L) and three polyaromatic hydrocarbons (Pyrene 5.2 μg/L; Naphthalene 4.15 μg/L; Acenaphthene 10.4 μg/L) was done using three different commercially available membranes (AFC 40, AFC80 and AFC99). The purpose was to determine important membrane characteristics for removal of organic contaminants and enhance water recovery. The FTIR analysis of the membranes indicated a significant presence of amides group (peak at 1650 cm -1 ) and acyl and phenyl C-O groups in all the membranes (peak at 1150 cm -1 ). AFC40, a nanofiltration membrane, showed a modular structure, has 2.9% porosity and average roughness 0.76. AFC80, a reverse osmosis membrane, showed little modular structure, has 2.9% porosity and average roughness 0.79. AFC99, another reverse osmosis membrane was tight and showed no nodular structure, percentage porosity was 0.2 while average roughness was 0.67. All the membranes are hydrophilic and gave more than 99% rejection of organic solutes however water recovery was higher with AFC40 which is more hydrophilic (Contact angle 30°40°). AFC40 had little effect on the conductivity of the feed water. Membrane with higher nodular structure has higher porosity. The presence of nodular structure increases water recovery but also allows the passage of some dissolved solids.

MEMBRANE SELECTION FOR ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS REMOVAL FROM HARTBEESPOORT DAM WATER IN SOUTH AFRICA