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Recently cellulose nanofiber has attracted researchers’ attention as a new biobased reinforcing phase, because the mechanical property of the cellulose nanofiber seems to be excellent; for example, tensile strength and modulus are about 2 GPa and about 140 GPa. However, the mechanical properties of polymer composites reinforced by the cellulose nanofiber are markedly lower than expected. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol-based nanocellulose fiber-reinforced composites were fabricated as a model nanocomposite system. We tried to improve the mechanical properties of the cellulose nanofiber-reinforced composites by controlling the orientation of cellulose nanofiber through multiple mechanical extension treatments. In the present study, the alignment of cellulose nanofiber in polymeric matrix can be controlled by applying 10 times mechanical extensions at most. The effectiveness of this fiber alignment control has been successfully demonstrated; the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the cellulose nanofiber-reinforced composites after the mechanical extension treatments reached almost the two-fold value as compared with those of the untreated composites.

Mechanical characterisation of nanocellulose composites after structural modification