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The in-plane behaviour of one-bay single-storey reinforced concrete (R/C) frames, retrofitted by jacketing of their columns together with a cast-in-place encased R/C panel, was studied numerically when subjected to cyclic seismic-type horizontal loading. The influence of such an encased R/C panel is examined, when the panel is connected with the surrounding frame with or without steel ties. From the preliminary numerical results it is concluded that an encased panel results in a considerable increase of the stiffness and the bearing capacity of such a system, especially when steel ties are present at the interface. The placement of steel ties moderates the amplitude of the forces that are transferred at the narrow column-to-beam joint regions in a direction normal to the interface through the contact/gap mechanism, and consequently, mitigates the possibility of crushing the encased panel and/or parts of the columns or beams at these regions. Thus, it can be concluded that the encased R/C panel connected by the appropriate steel ties with the surrounding R/C frame, has a beneficial effect on the seismic behaviour of this type of structural system. Experiments were performed in order to quantify the behaviour of such steel tie connections at the interface under a stress field that is expected to develop at this part of the encasement during seismic type loading. Such measured behaviour is in agreement with the assumptions made concerning the behavioural characteristics of these steel ties in the preliminary numerical analysis.

Numerical and experimental study of seismic retrofitting for one-bay single-storey reinforced concrete (R/C) frames with an encased R/C panel